转帖:作为一个ABAP程式开发人员,以后的路怎么走啊?(from百易论坛)

05 SAP ABAP, SAP 相关技术, 摘录及转帖文章, 职业生涯-工作 No Comments »

http://www.100easy.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=16&ID=18276&page=1(作者:manutdfan)

作为一个ABAP程式开发人员,以后的路怎么走啊?

今天主管开始休假了,难得轻松下来。不经意间想起一个我曾经想过的问题,以后的路怎么走?

想想自己都28了,奔三的人了。现在公司里天天做ABAP程式开发,无聊死了。公司里刚升级到SAP 4.7,上了SD, MM和PP模块,可是分工太细了,我平时只能开发开发程式,SD,MM模块的很多东西都接触不到。编程这个行业永远是年轻人的天下,到了30以后我不会再去做纯粹编程的工作了。兄弟们多讨论讨论我们以后不编程了去做什么比较好啊?

我想学SD或MM模块,毕竟公司的很多资源还是可以充分利用的,别人不教,咱可以自学。不过,应该从何学起啊,怎么学比较快啊?哪儿有比较好的学习资料啊?

请多提建议,我想这可能也是大家已经面临或即将遇到的一个问题,多谢!

magiccxm:

ABAP编程不是没有前途,我比较小了,刚过本命年

ABAP编程不是简单的编程,SAP中最主要的语言,一个是ABAP,一个是JAVA

ABAP以后的路应该往OO方向发展,

还有JAVA方面,中国适应的太少,使用SAP集成的太多,什么ITS,等等,最新的BSP技术,也是以后ABAPER需要了解和掌握的。

开发包括几大部分,最简单的REPORT和DIALOG,还有很多其他的,比如WEB,WORKFLOW,BAPI,以及和其他PC系统的接口。

REPORT最简单的,最重要的,提高代码执行效率。(SD的报表是多多的,表也是大大的,月报表是运行慢慢的,以后发展的路就是提高SD报表运行的效率)

DIALOG不常用的,除非你需要开发自己的一套系统,只是使用SAP平台。

WORKFLOW要和HR相结合的。所以你是需要理解HR的东西的

WEB东西就是更多了,EP只是一个平台,EP不能满足你所有的功能。最新的BSP技术是全新的,中国好象没有几家在用的。

BW是个模块,严格上来说,是不属于ABAPER的范围。

SAP的技术是不断变化的,ABAPER哪个公司是不能少的,但是待遇就差了

我觉得以后的路就是,多多掌握开发技术,并且了解模块的东西,你不会实施,但是你了解。

还有出路就是做第三方接口,也是前途很大

lcr:

大家写了这么多,我也来抛个砖。

单论abap本身来说,就有很多东西可以学。SAP,或者其他的大公司,5年以上abap经验的人很多。

我感觉abap比起其他语言,已经算容易很多的了。而且一个好的abap人员,成长也是需要很多时间的,因此经验多了以后,不一定就竞争不过年轻人。这点可能和其他语言有区别,毕竟sap的环境不多,而且abap和实际企业应用密切相关,不是可以速成的那种。

要提高自身价值,除了技术,更重要的可能是其他的能力。大多数行业,技术水平不一定决定收入水平。如果是在客户方工作的abap人员,这点可能更明显。和客户的交流沟通和说服能力,我认为比技术水平更难得。相似的能力还有外语,对企业的了解等等。举例来说,如果一个abap人员,除了coding水平还可以之外,又懂各个模块的基本流程,了解会计学知识,理解mrp,外语又流利,大家可以想像这样的人是很有竞争力的。

技术方面来说,有了良好的abap基础和经验,可以做功能顾问,或者向bsp,oo,bw等方向发展。如果一时没有良好的机会,abap本身也有很多方面的内容可以学习,例如楼上朋友说得workflow,badi等系统增强。这样看的话会发现report只是很小的一部分。

最后还有个机遇的问题。这个就得看运气了。但愿大家机会多多:)

转帖:我所领略的做报表的三重境界(原作者:lz_0509)from itpub

05 SAP ABAP, SAP 相关技术, 职业生涯-工作 No Comments »

itpub SAP R/3 精华区 http://www.itpub.net/294201.html

FengLiang 转帖

我所领略的做报表的三重境界(作者:lz_0509)

本人去年是ABAP,今年暂时被借用协助做物装。体会最深的是呆写ABAP是永远不行的,这不仅是自身提高有限,而且做出来的内容效率太低。
第一重境界:能够比较熟练的运用ABAP语句以及工具,可以写出精巧的算法。但是对业务理解不要求深刻。因此可以按照业务顾问的要求较好地完成工作。本人记得当初写一张报表需要至少大约一两千行,如果是比较复杂的接口那就更庞大了。对于肯钻研的人来说,这一过程大约半年左右应该能达到的。特点是这一阶段的信心很大。


第二重境界:深刻熟悉业务流程。所谓深刻理解就是不能只停留在表面的浮躁。既能熟练地理解前台的关系,也要能够掌握后台配置的来龙去脉,以及之间的意义。换句话说就是如果立即转行做业务咨询的话,起码在技术上和标准的业务理解上不应该再有障碍。这个过程最累人。得到的回报是做接口可以轻松地运用BAPI,做复杂的报表可以少量借助于信息结构。

第三重境界:做ABAP但已经很少用ABAP。能交给SAP标准业务处理的尽量交给SAP。做报表时可以认真分析各报表的相互关系,特别是要很好地加以分类,这对本人即将提到的核心概念特别有用。好了,本人现在所要说的,其实SAP已经给我们提供了很好的工具,信息结构。我们可以列出一些最具有代表性和最原始的报表,加以分析,客制信息结构,必要的话可以自己写更新规则、更新过程或更新需求。这些信息结构因为直接接受交易数据,因此能得到实时的更新,而且由于不需要从最原始的被打散的数据表中取数累算,速度是很快的。接着我们可以利用信息结构的复制技术和ENHANCE技术对此信息结构进行一些复制(运算规则有区别不要紧,只要有规律就可以;周期小的可以生成周期大的;有不同的列项不要紧,不是有ENHANCE吗;用户习惯不一致以及需求有偏差不要紧,不是可以setting吗)。你说还有什么东西无法办到的?甚至可以在其基础上做预警系统(对这点由于本人水平有限,不敢乱分析)。这是SAP的精华啊!!!

最后的话:SAP博大精深,本人也不过井底之蛙而已。但我认为具体的技术是可以学会的。随着时间推移,真正管用的还是方法。不知道各位是如何研究的,欢迎交流心得

ABAP常见面试问题

05 SAP ABAP, SAP 相关技术, 摘录及转帖文章 No Comments »
1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?
2. What are field symbols and field groups.? Have you used “component idx of structure” clause with field groups?
3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
4. What is a batch input session?
5. What is the alternative to batch input session?
6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in background. How to do it?
7. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level?
8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process different from processing on line?
9. What do you define in the domain and data element?
10. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?
11. How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary?
12. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?
13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?
14. What are the domains and data elements?
15. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?
16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?
17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
18. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?
19. What is open sql vs native sql?
20. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?
21. What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?
22. What are the events in ABAP language?
23. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical type reports?
24. What is a drill down report?
25. How do you write a function module in SAP? describe.
26. What are the exceptions in function module?
27. What is a function group?
28. How are the date abd time field values stored in SAP?
29. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table.
30. Name a few data dictionary objects?
31. What happens when a table is activated in DD?
32. What is a check table and what is a value table?
33. What are match codes? describe?
34. What transactions do you use for data analysis?
35. What is table maintenance generator?
36. What are ranges? What are number ranges?
37. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?
38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values in a selection screen?
39. What are selection texts?
40. What is CTS and what do you know about it?
41. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?
42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?
43. Are programs client dependent?
44. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?
45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?
46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?
47. What are datasets?
48. How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?
49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?
50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?
51. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why?
52. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?
53. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report?
54. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used?
55. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query tool?
56. What are the functional areas? User groups? and how does ABAP query work in relation to these?
57. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP query?
58. What is the structure of a BDC sessions.
59. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them?
60. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session?
61. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?
62. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs?
63. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run?
64. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relavent table for that?
65. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?
66. What is a currency factoring technique?
67. How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation menu option?
68. What is SAPscript and layout set?
69. What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set?
70. What is output determination?
71. What are IDOCs?
72. What are screen painter? menu painter? Gui status? ..etc.
73. What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO.
74. Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP?
75. Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter called?
76. What are step loops? How do you program pagedown pageup in step loops?
77. Is ABAP a GaUI language?
78. Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written? What is the XXXXXTOP program?
79. What are the include programs?
80. Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program?
81. What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precations are needed?
82. What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side?
83. What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs?
84. How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requrements?
85. How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures?
86. How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP?
87. What are the different modules of SAP?
88. What is IMG in SAP?
89. How do you get help in ABAP?
90. What are different ABAP editors? What are the differences?
91. What are the different elements in layout sets?
92. Can you use if then else, perform ..etc statements in sap script?
93. What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data?
94. How do you number pages in sapscript layout outputs?
95. What takes most time in SAP script programming?
96. How do you use tab sets in layout sets?
97. How do you backup sapscript layout sets? Can you download and upload? How?
98. What are presentation and application servers in SAP?
99. In an ABAP program how do you access data that exists on a presentation server vs on an application server?
100. What are different data types in ABAP?
101. What is difference between BDC and Call Transaction?
102. Setting up a BDC program where you find information from?
103. What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session.
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